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The Call-On-Doc Guide to Covid-19

Published on Oct 24, 2023 | 5:21 PM

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What Is COVID-19?

COVID-19 is a respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It can affect the lungs as well as other organ systems and ranges in severity from mild illness to severe disease requiring hospitalization.

COVID-19 continues to circulate globally and may occur year-round. While many people experience mild symptoms, certain individuals — including older adults, pregnant people, and those with chronic medical conditions — remain at higher risk for complications.

Symptoms of COVID-19

Symptoms of COVID-19 can vary widely and may appear 2 to 14 days after exposure. Some individuals remain asymptomatic, while others develop significant illness.

Common symptoms include:

  • Fever or chills

  • Cough

  • Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

  • Fatigue

  • Muscle or body aches

  • Headache

  • Sore throat

  • Nasal congestion or runny nose

  • Loss or change in taste or smell

  • Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea

Symptom severity does not always correlate with risk, and even mild cases may benefit from medical guidance.

How COVID-19 Spreads

COVID-19 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets and airborne particles when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. Transmission can occur during close contact, especially in indoor or poorly ventilated spaces.

The virus can spread even when an infected person has no symptoms.

How COVID-19 Is Diagnosed

COVID-19 is diagnosed through viral testing, including rapid antigen tests and laboratory-based molecular tests.

Testing is recommended for individuals with symptoms, known exposure, or when required for work, travel, or medical decision-making. Early testing can help guide treatment and isolation decisions.

COVID-19 Treatment

Treatment depends on symptom severity, timing, and individual risk factors.

Many people with mild illness recover with supportive care, including rest, fluids, and fever control. Antiviral medications, such as nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid), may be prescribed for eligible individuals at higher risk of severe disease when started early.

Treatment decisions should be made with a healthcare provider to ensure safety and effectiveness.

What Happens If COVID-19 Is Untreated?

Most people recover fully from COVID-19, but some may develop complications, including pneumonia, worsening of chronic medical conditions, or prolonged symptoms known as post-COVID conditions (long COVID).

Monitoring symptoms and seeking care when needed helps reduce the risk of complications.

When to Seek Medical Care

Medical care is recommended if symptoms worsen or do not improve. Urgent or emergency care is needed for difficulty breathing, chest pain, confusion, bluish lips or face, or inability to stay awake.

People at higher risk for severe illness should seek medical guidance early after symptom onset.

COVID-19 Care With CallOnDoc

CallOnDoc offers convenient, reliable care for COVID-19 through telehealth.

With a virtual visit, you can discuss symptoms with a licensed provider, determine whether testing or antiviral treatment is appropriate, and receive guidance on isolation and recovery — without an in-person visit.

Healthcare that fits your life — not your calendar.

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Shelly House, FNP-BC,

updated 01/26/2026 Shelly House, FNP, is a Family Nurse Practitioner and Call-On-Doc’s trusted medical education voice. With extensive experience in telehealth and patient-centered care, Ms. House is dedicated to making complex health topics simple and accessible. Through evidence-based content, provider collaboration, and a passion for empowering patients, her mission is to break down barriers to healthcare by delivering clear, compassionate, and practical medical guidance.

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